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🖥️ Day 19: Real-Time Visualization & Quality Control (QC)

Day 19: Real‑Time QC & Data Logging | River Warrior

📊 DAY 19: REAL‑TIME QC & DATA LOGGING

Monitor, Catch Errors Early, and Secure Your Data

Instructor: Engr. Rokib Hossain | River Warrior Academy


🏠 Course Homepage

🎯 Why Real‑Time QC?

Real‑time Quality Control (QC) is the process of monitoring data as it is collected to detect problems immediately. It is far cheaper to re‑run a line while still on site than to reprocess bad data later or, worse, remobilise the vessel.

Key QC objectives:

  • Ensure 100% bottom coverage (MBES) or no gaps (SBES).
  • Verify GNSS fix status (RTK FIX, not float).
  • Monitor motion (heave, roll, pitch) against safe thresholds.
  • Check sound velocity and tide corrections are applied.
  • Confirm data is being logged to disk correctly.
📌 Rule of thumb: Glance at your QC displays every 2‑3 minutes during production lines. Train your eyes to spot anomalies quickly.

🗺️ Coverage Monitoring – Closing the Gaps

For MBES, the coverage display (colour‑coded swath) is your most important QC tool. Lines are shown in real time. Gaps appear as white or blank areas.

What to check:

  • Swath overlap: at least 20% overlap between adjacent lines.
  • No missed areas: if a white gap appears, immediately re‑run that section before moving on.
  • Outer beam noise: excessive spikes or striping indicates SVP problems or motion issues.

For SBES, coverage is not automatic. You must verify that line spacing is tight enough based on beam footprint. Many SBES systems provide a “bottom track” display that shows depth along the line – look for sudden dropouts.

🗺️ [Coverage display example – green swath with a white gap, then fixed]
(Replace with your own image)

⚓ Motion QC – Heave, Roll, Pitch Limits

Excessive vessel motion degrades multibeam data quality. Set alarm thresholds in your acquisition software (typical values):

  • Heave: >0.3 m – may cause depth uncertainty. Stop logging if >0.5 m.
  • Roll: >5° – outer beams become unreliable. >8° stop survey.
  • Pitch: >3° – can affect along‑track resolution.

Monitor the real‑time motion graph. If motion exceeds limits for more than a few seconds, pause logging, change vessel heading or wait for calmer conditions.

⚠️ Pro tip: High heave often indicates poor weather or vessel speed too high. Reduce speed (4‑5 knots) to improve heave performance.

🛰️ GNSS Status – RTK Fix, PDOP, Satellites

Without a reliable RTK FIX, your horizontal and vertical positioning is degraded (float or standalone). Essential GNSS QC parameters:

  • Fix type: Must be “FIX” or “RTK Fix”. “Float” or “DGPS” reduces accuracy to decimetre or metre level – not acceptable for IHO orders.
  • PDOP: <2.5 is good; <1.5 is excellent. If PDOP >4, check for obstructions or poor satellite geometry.
  • Number of satellites: At least 10‑12 for dual‑frequency.
  • Base station distance (if RTK): Ideally <20 km; longer baselines degrade accuracy.

If RTK fix is lost, stop logging until it returns. Continuing with float will spoil the dataset.

🌊 SVP & Tide QC

SVP QC: Ensure the correct SVP file is loaded and that its age is less than 4‑6 hours (or as required by your project). If you see depth errors increasing towards the outer beams, you may need a fresh SVP cast.

Tide QC: Verify that the real‑time tide correction (or predicted tide) is applied correctly. Compare logged depth against a known check line or a tide staff reading. A systematic depth offset indicates tide datum mismatch.

📏 Quick check: Sail over a flat area and look at the depth profile. If depths vary with time (not due to seabed), your tide correction may be wrong.

💾 Data Logging – Settings, File Naming, Splitting

Proper logging configuration ensures you can retrieve and process data later without missing files.

  • File naming convention: Use a systematic pattern, e.g., `Project_YYYYMMDD_LineNN.raw`. Avoid spaces and special characters.
  • File splitting: Set maximum file size (e.g., 2 GB) to prevent corruption. Modern software can split automatically while maintaining continuity.
  • Log all sensors: Ensure GNSS, IMU, sonar, and SVP are all being recorded. A missing stream will break processing.
  • Separate navigation log: Also log an ASCII (NMEA) file as a backup – can be used for rough checks even if raw file corrupts.

Before starting a line, always verify that the logging indicator is active (flashing red or “REC”).

📀 Backup Strategies – Don’t Lose a Single Ping

Data loss is catastrophic. Implement a 3‑2‑1 backup strategy for hydrographic surveys:

  • 3 copies: One on the acquisition computer, one on an external SSD, one on a separate storage (cloud or second external drive).
  • 2 different media: internal SSD + external rugged drive.
  • 1 off‑site: End of each day, copy to a third drive that leaves the vessel.

Daily backup routine:

  1. After finishing lines, use a script or manual copy to duplicate the raw data folder to External Drive A.
  2. At end of day, copy to External Drive B (kept in a waterproof case).
  3. If internet is available, upload to cloud storage (e.g., Google Drive, Dropbox) – compress files first.
💾 Never delete raw data from the acquisition computer until the final processed product is delivered and accepted. It is your only audit trail.

🔗 External Resources & Tools

Useful software for real‑time QC and backup automation:

.htmlWinSCP那样Secure copy to remote server/cloud那样winscp.net.htmlRealTerm / PuTTY那样Monitor raw NMEA streams for QC那样realterm.io.htmlNOAA Field QC Guidelines那样Official QC procedures during acquisition那样NOAA PDF Chapter 4
ToolPurposeLink
FreeFileSync (open source)Automated backup and synchronisationfreefilesync.org
🔗 Authority linking: NOAA and open‑source tools are trusted references.

📋 Homework & Fieldwork Checklists

📘 Day 19 – Homework Checklist

  • ✅ Read the entire Day 19 post.
  • ✅ Set up a free file synchronisation tool (FreeFileSync) and simulate backing up a folder to an external drive.
  • ✅ List five QC parameters you would monitor during a MBES survey and the action you take if each fails.
  • ✅ Write a one‑paragraph backup procedure for a 5‑day survey.
  • ✅ Share this post with #Hydrography #RealTimeQC.

🛠️ Fieldwork Readiness Checklist – QC & Logging

  • ✅ Before survey: configure QC alarms (heave, roll, pitch, RTK fix, PDOP). Test that alarms trigger properly.
  • ✅ Set up logging folders with clear naming convention. Create a master logbook (digital or paper) to record line numbers, times, and QC notes.
  • ✅ During survey: keep the coverage display visible at all times. Pause and re‑run any line with a gap.
  • ✅ Monitor GNSS status every few minutes. If fix drops to float, stop and wait for fix.
  • ✅ After each line: check that the raw file size is non‑zero and that the last ping time matches the end of line.
  • ✅ End of day: backup to two external drives. Verify file integrity by copying back and comparing checksums (or using file sync tool).
  • ✅ Store backup drives in separate locations (one on vessel, one taken ashore).
🖨️ Pro tip: Use the Print / Download PDF button to keep these checklists in your field binder.

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

🔹 How often should I check QC displays?
At least every 2‑3 minutes during production lines. When conditions are calm and all systems are stable, you can extend to 5 minutes, but always glance at the coverage map after each line turn.
🔹 What is the biggest QC mistake beginners make?
Failing to act on warnings. For example, continuing to log when RTK fix is lost, or ignoring coverage gaps thinking they can be filled in post‑processing (they cannot – you must re‑run).
🔹 Can I automate backup while logging?
Yes, tools like FreeFileSync or rsync can run in the background, but be careful not to cause disk I/O conflicts. Better to backup at natural breaks (end of line, lunch, end of day).
🔹 What is the acceptable file size for raw MBES data?
Keep files under 2 GB for compatibility with older software. Many modern systems can handle 4‑20 GB, but splitting at 2 GB is safe. The software will automatically create a new file when the size limit is reached.
🔹 How do I verify that my backup is not corrupted?
Use a checksum tool (e.g., MD5, SHA‑1). Generate a checksum file for the original data, then after copying, verify the checksum on the backup drive. Many backup tools have this built in.

✅ Action Items & Internal Linking

🎯 Your Tasks for Today

  • 📌 Step 1: Bookmark the Course Homepage and the FreeFileSync website.
  • 📌 Step 2: Download the checklist PDF using the button at the top.
  • 📌 Step 3: Practice creating a test backup and verifying it with checksums.
  • 📌 Step 4: Leave a comment on this post: “The QC parameter I find hardest to monitor is ____ because ____.”
  • 📌 Step 5: Proceed to Day 20: Data Logging Deep Dive & Storage Management using the link below.
🔗 Internal linking note: Day 18 and Day 20 are correctly linked. This builds a strong internal network for SEO.
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